Issue 22

  Mehmet BASARAN

Hasanli/ Uzun Hasanlar Village According to Dividends Book Number 2290

Abstract

With the Tanzimat Edict, the Ottoman Empire entered the restructuring process. With this aim, getting an income tax basis from properties of the taxpayers living in public according to their annual income was considered. Those tax records were written in profit notebooks. These books contain detailed information about the number of taxpayer households, the amount of land, the products grown, the taxes paid and number of animals.

In this research, an evaluation was done by searching Uzun Hasan’s BOA, ML. VRD. TMT.d 02290 numbered notebooks in the profit notebooks of Head of the Presidential State Archives of the Republic of Turkey.

  30 - 44

  Uzun Hasanlar, Menemen, profit notebooks, income tax

  Kemal Ramazan Haykiran

Ahmed Gazi Külliyesi Of Eski Çine As An İmportant Center Of Ahi Organization In

Abstract

As one of the leading institutions that oriented the cultural life of Medival Age Anatolia, Ahi Organization protected its existence, starting from the beginning of 14th century when the first successful sovereignty of the Turks in Western Anatolia around Aydın province and also from the 15th century with the arrival of the Ottomans to the region.

In this essay, Ahmed Gazi Külliyesi as an early Islamic social and religious complex in Eski Çine, which was an important cultural center during the era of Menteşeoðulları, will try to be analyzed. This work also aims to present the importance of the Ahmed Gazi Külliyesi as a critical place that shows the presence of the Ahi organization in the region in the 14th and the 15th centuries.

  45 - 54

  Ahi Organization, Eski Çine, Ahmed Gazi, Ahi İbrahim, Ahi Bayram

  Ozlem TOKER GOKCE

The Emergence And Early Periods Of Arap Nationalism

Abstract

The emergence of Arab nationalism dates back to the 19th century. Among there a sons for Arab nationalism are the activities of American and French Protestant missionaries in the region, the activities of Muslim intellectuals defending Islamic modernization, and the Turkish nationalist policies of the Young Turks. During this period, the Arab nationalism movement began to spread among the Christian Arabs who first interacted with the West.

The expansion of the idea of nationalism among Muslim Arabs took longer due to the religious connection established by the Ottoman Empire and Islam. After the declaration of these constitutional monarchy in 1908, following the end of II. Abdülhamit's regime that began to attach importance to the Islamic Union, Arab nationalism became politicized by Muslim Arabs by adopting a secular and nationalist ideology by the Committee of Union and Progress.

After the First World War, the failure to promise to the Arabs to establish an independent Arab state with the correspondence of Sharif Hussein-Mac Mahonand the disillusionment between the French and British manda teregimes that were established in theregionled to the Arab nationalism movement becoming radicalized by new questsand turning into a struggle for in dependence against Western powers.

In this study, the change sand developments in the period between the emergence of Arab nationalism and the events of the period until the Second World War are examined.

  55 - 71

  Arab Nationalism, Ottoman Empire, Nationalism, Syria

  Mesut MEZKIT

The Positive or Negative Effects of Real Estate Purchasing and Sales Transactions to Foreigners

Abstract

In the economic structure of our country in recent years one of the most debated economic issues of importance current account deficit. Current account deficit problems after the 1990 liberalization of the financial year for Turkey has been further clarified. The current account deficit has become more important for Turkey's macroeconomic indicators, particularly economic growth and stability. The ultimate aim of general economic policies is to achieve “internal balance” and “external balance in a country's economy. Unacceptable and unsustainable current account deficits mean more and more distancing from the external balance. From time to time, those who manage economic policy try to take measures to reduce the current account deficit. Among the measures taken, the short-term ones related to the reduction of imports attract more attention. Yet at the same time in Turkey's exports and imports is the determinant of economic growth, reduction of exports and imports are down both growth figures. Although there are many factors that led to the current current account deficit, especially in Turkey's economy since the 2000s, intermediate and capital goods in and energy import dependency, impairment and structure of exports, savings deficit, borrowing facilities, exchange rate policy, short-term capital flows, economic instability many structural factors, such as play a role in Turkey's current account deficit.

In this study, it is aimed to analyze the positive or negative effects of the current account deficit of foreign sales between 2010-2018 obtained from the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre in order to analyze the positive or negative effects of real estate purchases and sales transactions to foreigners. The aim of this study current account deficit in Turkey, where sustainable or not, especially since the year 2012 removed to determine how to be effective in providing internal dengeexternal balance with correspondence law is to contribute whether it is possible a sustainable current account deficit. For the said analysis, the 2010-2018 periods were examined and it was concluded that there was a cointegration relationship between the series in all periods and although there were short-term deviations, these deviations disappeared in the long term. Turkey's current account deficit problem, according to our econometric model can poorly maintained.

  72 - 91

  Current Account Deficit, Financing Quality, Sustainability, Immovable Sale to Foreigners, Land Registry Law, Property

  Mehti CIFTCI

The Importance of Qudus in the Organization of the Crusades

Abstract

Jerusalem is an important city with in three divine religions. For this reason, the city of Jerusalem has been at the center of wars since the early ages. Which religious group had the city in the hands of the city was a great respect. Due to this reason, the pilgrims who came to there gion developed the trade of Jerusalem. Hate has been in creased as trade meets cultures. The Crusades give us insight into how commercial and cultural relation sinteract. We need tounder stand what the city of Jerusalem wants to do in there gion. The importance of these afleet carrie dout by the Italian Fleet should be known. Because the Italian city-states continued their trade privileges during the Crusade in the Muslim Turkish States.

The main purpose of this article is the activities of the City of Jerusalem until the in vasion of the Crusader sand the collapse of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. Until the occupation of the city by the Crusaders, the city of Jerusalem wasamong the subjects of the struggle in the struggle with the Anatolian Seljuk State. It wasalsode scribed in the- Near East and Europe before the Crusades. The establishment of the Ayyubid State and its policy to wards the Crusaders are given.

  92 - 105

  Jerusalem City,The Crusades, Italian Fleet,The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, Near East, European, Eyyubi State

  Muhittin CEKEN

A Holy City Within the Struggle of Sovereignty Between The Byzantine Empire and The Sasanids: Jarusalem

Abstract

Jerusalem, with its ancient history, has been a city that has attracted the attention of many states throughout the history and great struggles has been given for its sake because because of its geopolitical location and its fertile lands. Jerusalem, which started to come to the forefront with its religious identity with the settlements of the Israelites, by the IVth century Christianity, by the VIIth century and it has become the only city accepted as sacred by three heavenly religions. Because of its religious and geopolitical factors, Jerusalem has been the most contetsted city. It has been the scene of a series of struggles from ancient times to the present. When it came to the VIIth century, it became one of the contention fields of the two most powerful empires of the period: Byzantine Empire and Sassanids, which emerged as rivals in the East. Jerusalem, which has changed hands twice between these two empires in about a quarter century, has become the main element of the struggle of these two empires. Inourstudy, we will evaluate the influence of the Byzantine-Sassanid wars, one of the most characteristic domination struggles of the VII. century, on Jerusalem and the Jewsand Christians who formed the population of Jerusalem during this period.

  106 - 108

  Jerusalem, Judaism, Christianity, Roman-Byzantine, Sasanian, Heraklius

  Halil ACAR

Journey to Hope

Ali was an engineer in Pakistan. He had a son and a daughter. His wife Zeynep was also a primary school teacher. In the early days of the regime Zeynep continued to teach as Ali. The Taliban began to interfere with the ladies' clothes and the lessons that have been taught in schools. These difficult times lasted like this for two months. They were at ease for a couple of days but Taliban tightened the rules as time passed by. Zeynep could not stand to be a teacher and left on the third year of the regime...

  109 - 136

  Gurkan Keles

Story

Since the outbreak of war, the sun did not rise to our lands. I used to teach history in my life before this blood game. In my final lesson, I remember a question that has been asked to me: "teacher, you taught us that those who make war are those who make profit out of that war. We have been fighting for years in our homeland. Why are we fighting, what is our profit? "I could not reply so I kept my silence. This geography, where I grew up and I’ve been fed, was now an unliveable place, and I am sure that. I, who was the history teller and who foretold history, was now a witnesser to history. I said it will pass these lands have been through a lot, this will also pass. But it did not pass. I found myself crossing the Cilvegözü border with my wife and three children. I was leaving my native land...

  137 - 172